Heredity (inheritance) - transmission of traits from one generation to next
Genetics - the scientific study of heredity
Clone - a group of genetically identical individuals
Gametes - reproductive cells
Somatic cells - any cell other than those involved in gamete formation
Karyotype - display of paired chromosomes (map of chromosomes)
Sex chromosomes - x and y, determine the sex
Autosomes - other chromosomes
Diploid cell - any cell with two chromosome sets (2n)
Haploid cell - any cell with a single chromosome set (n)
Autotrophs – self feeders
Heterotrophs – obtain their organic material by the second major mode of nutrition, unable to make their own food
Chlorophyll – the green pigment within chloroplasts
Mesophyll – the tissue in the interior of the leaf
Stroma – the dense fluid within the chloroplasts
Thylakoids – interconnected membranous sacs
Grana – thylakoid coumn
Photophosphorylation – adition of a phosphate group to ADP
Carbon fixation – initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds
Wavelength – the distance between the crest of electromagnetic waves
Aerobic respiration – the most relevant and efficient catabolic pathway
Anaerobic – no O2
Cellular respiration – both aerobic and anaerobic processes
Oxidation – loss of electrons and energy
Oxidizing agent – the electron acceptor
Reduction – gain of electrons and energy
Reducing agent – the electron donor
NAD+ - electron carrier/acceptor, oxidizing agent in glycolisis
Chemiosmosis – energy-coupling mechanism
Fermentation – a way of harvesting chemical energy without using either oxygen or any ETC.
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